Cartoons in knots :-)

Thanks everybody! As for the M1001 puzzle, it is very simple, anybody who has some idea of the computer can solve the puzzle. Regards! - mOhana

Yes, Vinci ma'am, congratulations! Regards! - mOhana

Do you know that binary system existed in India for nearly 2000 years, of all the places, in prosody? Regards! - mOhana

In the system of prosody (the art and science of writing poetry) in Sanskrit and other derived languages except Tamil (they follow a different system of nEr and nirai), a long syllable which takes twice as much time to utter as a short syllable is called guru (heavy), and the short syllable a laghu (light). A line of poem consists of a group of these long and short syllables. Since any syllable has to be a guru or laghu, the line consists of binary numbers. The guru is given the value zero and laghu 1. Thus if we have a short-short-long-short syllabic structure, it is equivalent to 1101. The funny thing is ancient Indians wrote numbers in an opposite direction. That is, the least significant digit is at the left and the most significant digit is at the right. They also did multiplication from left to right. Thus the value of 1101 according to them is 11. For 13, it will be 1011. Not only this, they also knew how many arrangements with one zero and three ones are possible. This is nothing but our present binomial theorem (a in the binomial theorem is zero and b is one). These are all nearly about 1500 to 2000 years old. Thus each line in a poem with a certain arrangement of long and short syllables has a unique number associated with it. Thus if we know that number we know the syllabic arrangement. This is the origin of the binomial numbers in India. Its origin is in poetry and also music (in the tALa system). Regards! - mOhana